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Gynaecology

Cervical Screening & HPV (incl. vaccination)

IN REVIEWv2🇮🇳 India-firstPENDING CLINICAL VERIFICATION
India lacks universal organised screening - opportunistic VIA/Pap/HPV testing per national cancer-programme guidance; WHO elimination strategy: HPV vaccination girls 9-14 + lifetime screening targets. Abnormal results -> colposcopy pathway with defined biopsy/treatment rules.

Admission & discharge ↓

Reviewer note: Admission/discharge guidance checked 18 October 2026. This adds a scoped clinical synthesis and does not certify every statement in the module.

Admission & discharge

Care setting: Usually outpatient screening/colposcopy/day treatment

Admission/discharge guidance checked 2026-10-18 against the linked sources. This is a clinical checklist for an individual decision, not an automatic discharge order.

When admission or continued hospital care is needed

  • Uncontrolled bleeding, severe pain, infection concern, an anaesthetic complication or suspected invasive cancer with acute complications requires assessment/admission as indicated.

When clinic, day care or home care may be suitable

  • HPV positivity, screening abnormalities and uncomplicated colposcopy/biopsy are normally managed without admission. Ensure abnormal results reach the colposcopy pathway.

Before going home

  • After biopsy/treatment, bleeding and pain are controlled and the patient understands what was done, expected symptoms and who communicates results.

Discharge medicines and treatment changes

  • Provide only the indicated analgesia or other procedure-specific prescription; routine HPV positivity is not an indication for antibiotics.
Medicine doses — use only when indicated

Use the medicines selected for this patient. Listed alternatives are not instructions to prescribe all of them together. Confirm the actual remaining course, pregnancy/postnatal context and monitoring plan.

Short-term pain relief when appropriate after the procedure.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) — oral pain reliefMédecins Sans Frontières · Current online monographchecked
Dose1 g (two 500 mg tablets) per dose
RouteOral
FrequencyEvery 6–8 hours when needed; maximum 4 doses in 24 hours
DurationAccording to clinical response: reduce/stop as pain improves. Record the prescribed supply and review date; persistent or increasing pain needs reassessment rather than an automatic repeat course.
PreparationCheck tablet strength: two 500 mg tablets = 1 g. Count paracetamol in every combination/OTC product towards the total; this is not an IV preparation.
Max dose4 g in 24 hours for the stated adult population. Lower weight, hepatic impairment or other risk factors require an individual reduced prescription; do not automatically use this maximum.
  • Indication: Short-term maternal postoperative/postpartum pain or other mild pain after assessment; adult ≥50 kg
  • MSF oral monograph: no pregnancy or breastfeeding contraindication. The dose does not replace assessment of the cause of pain.
Monitoring
  • Pain and functional recovery; investigate increasing pain, fever or other warning symptoms.
  • Check all prescribed/OTC paracetamol, weight and hepatic risk; suspected excess dosing requires urgent assessment.
Contraindications: Paracetamol allergy; avoid duplicate paracetamol-containing products. · Hepatic impairment needs caution and a clinician-adjusted regimen. This adult ≥50 kg card is not a weight-based prescription for smaller adults or children.

Tests, pending results and their reviewer

  • Record biopsy/histology and screening follow-up ownership; a missed result is not an acceptable discharge endpoint.

Home care and counselling

  • Give the exact bleeding, vaginal-product/sex and activity advice for biopsy versus LLETZ or another treatment; instructions differ by procedure.

Follow-up: when and what to review

WhenAction / responsible service
At the stated histology/results date
Review and communicate results, with a fallback contact if no result arrives.
At the booked screening/colposcopy interval
Complete recommended surveillance or treatment; new symptoms need assessment sooner.

Return urgently

  • Heavy bleeding, offensive discharge, fever or severe/worsening pelvic pain needs prompt assessment.

Open the complete discharge checklist →

Treatment

① Immediate stabilization — first minutes
③ First-line treatment & drug regimens
Result contextAction
Normal cytology/HPV-negative
Routine re-screening interval per programme
HPV+ with abnormal cytology / LSIL etc.
Colposcopy-directed biopsies
CIN1
Observe + repeat testing 12 m (regression common)
CIN2+ (treatable)
Excisional treatment LLETZ/LEEP preferred (histology-complete); cold-knife cone selected cases
Glandular abnormalities
Diagnostic excision always
Pregnancy
Colposcopy safe; treatment deferred to postpartum unless invasive suspicion
HPV vaccination: Two-dose schedule 9-14 y (0,6 m) per Indian programme adoption; catch-up per product labels up to indicated ages.
Definitive treatment

Excisional treatment clears CIN2+ in ~90-95%; follow-up co-testing schedules mandatory post-treatment.

Monitoring
  • Post-LLETZ HPV test-of-cure at 6-18 m per programme
⑮ Complications & their management
Post-excision bleeding/infection

Silver nitrate/vaginal packing; antibiotics if infected

Preterm-birth risk after excision depth

Documented depth; cervical-length surveillance next pregnancy

Post-treatment care
  • Screening continues post-treatment per schedule even after vaccine

Diagnosis & assessment

Sources (8)

CDC (USA) — Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
2021-07 · updated 2025-12-22 (page review; guidance itself unchanged) · checked 2026-08-23 · verified-live
Open source ↗

CDC pages + wall chart: uncomplicated gonorrhoea cervix/urethra/rectum → ceftriaxone 500 mg IM single dose (<150 kg; 1 g if ≥150 kg); pharyngeal same; conjunctivitis 1 g IM; DGI 1 g IV/IM q24h; PID outpatient → ceftriaxone 500 mg IM ×1 + doxycycline 100 BD ×14 d + metronidazole 500 BD ×14 d; chlamyd…

NHS — Colposcopy — recovery and results
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Primary full page read: usual home recovery, expected bleeding/discharge, restrictions during recovery, heavy bleeding/offensive discharge/persistent pain and tracking biopsy results.

Médecins Sans Frontières — Paracetamol (acetaminophen) oral — Essential Drugs
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Full primary oral monograph read: adult 1 g 3–4 times daily, maximum 4 g/day, ≥50 kg adult table, 500 mg tablets, duration according to response, hepatic caution and pregnancy/breastfeeding. Pain chapter also checked for 6–8-hour interval. Smaller adults require an individual weight-based prescripti…

NICE — Postnatal care — NG194
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Maternal/newborn transfer assessment, first void and effective feeding, handover, support/safeguarding, first midwife visit within 36 hours after transfer, postnatal danger symptoms. Full recommendations page read.

India MoHFW / NHM — District Hospital Standard Operating Procedures — LaQshya
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Normal-delivery discharge not less than 48 hours: full primary SOP PDF normal-delivery/discharge passages read. Corroborated by NHM CEmONC 2024 Part 1, chapter 8. This does not define a universal post-caesarean or complicated-case stay.

WHO — WHO recommendations on quality postnatal care — official recommendation summary
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Official WHO summary read: at least 24-hour facility care after birth; additional contacts at 48–72 hours, 7–14 days and week 6; individual assessment/support. Summary facts only, not a claim that the full 242-page PDF was reviewed.

RCOG — Laparoscopy — recovering well
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Full primary patient recovery page read: pain control, wounds, activity/VTE, urinary/bowel and infection warning signs, adult support and no driving/important decisions during the first 24 hours after general anaesthesia. Used as general recovery/handover principles, not operation-specific discharge…

NICE — Acutely ill adults in hospital — CG50
· checked 2026-10-18 · verified-live
Open source ↗

Full primary recommendations read, focusing on critical-care-to-ward transfer: structured written handover, shared plan, monitoring, rehabilitation and receiving-team capability. Step-down is distinct from home discharge; no universal organ-support discharge cutoff is asserted.